Ukusetshenziswa okukhulayo kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kuyisisekelo soshintsho lwamandla: ngenxa yokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, lokhu kuya ngokuya kusebenza kahle futhi kunokuncintisana, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe obusha buseduze.

Abagcini nje ngokukhiqiza ugesi ngaphandle kokukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa, kodwa futhi awapheli.Amandla avuselelekayo ayinsika yoshintsho lwamandla.Ukunemba, amandla asetshenziswayo awavuselelwa ngempela kodwa aguqulwa abe ugesi.Lena imithombo yamandla efana nomoya nokukhanya kwelanga ezivuselelayo ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okwenziwa ngayo, ngokuphambene, ngokwesibonelo, izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle namafutha.

Ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe: amandla kagesi wamanzi kanye ne-geothermal

Indlela endala yokukhiqiza ugesi emithonjeni evuselelekayo yileugesi ngamanzi(izimboni zikagesi zokuqala zisukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1800s) futhi yisona esikhulu kunazo zonke, esinamandla afakwe emhlabeni wonke amakhulu kunalawo ayo yonke imithombo evuselelekayo ehlanganisiwe.Lobu ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe obungaziboleki izinguquko eziphazamisayo, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obusha bungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo futhi balule ubude bazo bempilo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, asemaningi amathuba okukhula ekusebenziseni imithombo yamanzi yezwe.

Amandla e-Geothermal angobunye ubuchwepheshe obusunguliwe, obuhlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.Isitshalo sokuqala emhlabeni, eLarderello eTuscany, savulwa ngo-2011 kodwa ukuhlola kokuqala kubuyele emuva ku-1904. Amandla avela ku-Geothermal namuhla adlala indima yesibili ezingeni lomhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi yizindawo ezithile kuphela zomhlaba ezijabulela izinsiza ezibalulekile ze-geothermal.Ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengei-enthalpy ephansiizitshalo ze-geothermal, nokho, zingakwazi ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo inani lamazwe afanele ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okushisa komhlaba.

Ukukhula okukhulu kwamandla elanga nawomoya

Amandla we-solar photovoltaic, njengamandla omoya, ingumlingiswa wokushintsha kwamandla okwenzekayo njengamanje.Nakuba kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule indima yayo ibithathwa njengencane, namuhla ibhekene nokukhula okumangalisayo: amandla e-photovoltaic emhlabeni wonke anyuke esuka ku-40 GW ngo-2010 aya ku-580 GW ngo-2019. ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wesayensi yezinto, okwenze izitshalo ze-photovoltaic zikwazi ukuncintisana ngokwezomnotho namafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.Ngokusho kwe-International Renewable Energy Agency (I-IRENA), izindleko zokukhiqiza ugesi kusuka ku-photovoltaics zehle ngo-82% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Futhi umbono uthembisa nakakhulu: ngobuchwepheshe bamuva besizukulwane, kuzokwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga anamuhla kanye nokukhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-20%.

Ubuchwepheshe buye benza amagxathu amakhulu phambili emkhakheni weamandla omoya: namuhla izinjini zomoya zingafinyelela kumamitha angu-200 ububanzi futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi zizokwanda nakakhulu.Ukwenyuka kokukhiqiza kwehlise izindleko nakuleli cala: kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2019 izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla omoya ogwini zehle ngo-39% kanye nolwandle lwehle ngo-29%.Umphumela ube ukukhula okumangalisayo: umthamo usuwonke wamapulazi omoya asogwini ukhule usuka ku-178 GW ngo-2010 wafinyelela ku-594 GW ngo-2019.Izitshalo zasogwinisibone ukukhula okuhamba kancane ngo-28 GW kuphela ofakwe ngo-2019, kodwa amandla okukhula makhulu kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa: amandla olwandle, i-hydrogen nokugcina

Phakathi kwemithombo ethembisa kakhulu yamandla avuselelekayo esikhathini esizayo izilwandle nezilwandle zethu, namandla azo amakhulu: indlela esobala kakhulu yokukhiqiza ugesi ukusebenzisa amandla akhiqizwa ukuhamba kwamagagasi, kodwa enye indlela iwukusebenzisa amandla. zamagagasi, ngenzuzo yokuthi lezi zingabikezelwa ngokunembile.Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa lezo ezisekelwe ekwehlukeni kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu namanzi ajulile noma ngisho ezisekelwe ekwehlukeni kosawoti obuningi bamanzi ahlukahlukene.Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa le mithombo abukavuthwa ngokwanele ukuze buqhubekisele phambili ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezentengiselwano okusabalele, kodwa ezinye izitshalo zokuhlola nama-prototypes sezivele zidaliwe futhi sezikhiqize imiphumela emihle, ikakhulukazi leyo ephathelene namandla amaza namandla olwandle.Amandla etiyetha alinganiselwa ku-700 GW kanye nama-200 GW, ngokulandelana.

Enye insiza okufanele ibalulai-hydrogen, okungewona umthombo wamandla kodwa kunalokho i-vector yamandla okuthi, uma isizinda sayo sinikwa amandla okuvuselelekayo, sibe luhlaza ngo-100%.Igalelo layo lingaba wusizo ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni imikhakha okunzima ukuyifakela ugesi, njengezimboni ezisindayo, ezokuthutha ngemikhumbi, ezezindiza kanye nokuthuthwa komgwaqo, ziqhubeke.Ubuchwepheshe be-hydrogen busesesigabeni sokuqala futhi abukakulungeli ukusetshenziswa esikalini sezentengiselwano, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe lobu buchwepheshe ukuze kukhishwe ngezinga elikhulu sifushane kakhulu.

Isitoreji samandlaamasistimu nawo azodlala indima ewujuqu ngoba ayadingeka ukunxephezela ukuphumula kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya.Ngokomlando, indlela yokugcina ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuyizimboni zamandla kagesi ompontshwa ngamanzi, kodwa inqubekelaphambili yamanje yezobuchwepheshe ibone ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwamabhethri, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium ion, angatholakala ngokuzimela kunoma iyiphi indawo.Ukusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo zokugcina amandla kusenomkhawulo kodwa kukhula ngokushesha sibonga, kulesi simo futhi, ekuthuthukisweni kokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe ezihlala zithuthukisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwamabhethri futhi zinciphisa izindleko zawo zokukhiqiza.Lapho isitoreji samandla sihlanganiswe ngokugcwele kumagridi kagesi, izitshalo zamandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile zizokwazi ukondla amandla eziwakhiqizayo kugridi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kungakhathaliseki izimo zomoya: kuyobe sekwenzeka ukufeza ukuxuba kokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuphelele. mahhala kokukhishelwa ngaphandle.Ikusasa elingekude kangako.

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